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Hydro mechanical deep drawing (HMDD) is an emerging technology that reduces the number of sheet-forming stages and increases the production of advanced lightweight materials with intricate shapes. This study aims to verify the springback in HMDD and the effect of holding time and fluid pressure on this phenomenon (springback). The springback was measured using a new method by matching the projector p-300 axes with the cylindrical cup wall. The difference between the wall and the axis represents the springback value. Using a blank of low carbon steel (1008-AISI) with 80 mm of diameter and a thickness of 0.7 mm. The effect of holding time (1, 2, and 3 minutes) and the fluid pressure (0.6, 0.8, and 1 N/mm2) was studied. The used hydraulic oil was (code number 3803). The springback value of a cylindrical cup was calculated using the profile projector P-300. The result showed that the springback phenomenon was presented in the hydromechanical deep-drawing process but at a lower rate than the traditional deep-drawing process. The holding time and fluid pressure significantly affected the springback value. The springback decreased with increasing the fluid pressure and holding time.

Precision metal stamping is an industrial process that uses machines equipped with dies to transform flat sheet metal, either in blank or coil form, into various custom shapes. In addition to stamping, these metal presses can also perform a wide range of processes such as stamping, tooling, notching, bending, punching, flanging, coining and more. Precision metal stamping is widely used for the production of a wide range of products. It can be performed as a single-step operation where each stroke of the metal press produces the desired shape on the plate or in a series of steps. The increasing demand for precision metal parts in various industries from medical to automotive and aerospace has pushed precision metal stamping to the forefront of today's manufacturing. This is because it provides a high degree of design flexibility for defining and implementing tiny features with tight tolerances and unique configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, the influence law was analyzed, the effective parameter range was determined. Based on the significance analysis of the orthogonal experiment with three factors and three levels, the order of the influence degree of each parameter on the forming quality of the end is obtained. According to the optimized simulation analysis in the effective scheme, the optimal forming process parameters were determined. The results show that the order of the influence of various factors on the diameter of the roll cut is as follows: roll cutting speed> friction factor> baffle gap; the best combination of process parameters is A2B1C1, the friction factor is 0,5, the roll cutting speed is 1/rad · s-1and the baffle gap is 0,1/mm.

By the method of computer simulation in the program Qform, the optimal scheme of the process of hot stamping of mandrels for a piercing mill is determined. Influence of technological parameters on the power parameters and filling of the die cavity including the stress-strain state and temperature fields, as well as the optimum shape and size of the initial blank providing minimum technological forces, stamping transitions, and optimal conditions for filling the die cavity, have been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model for the quality estimation of a blank made of a titanium alloy sheet for manufacture of a large-sized part, namely, the front bottom of the solid propellant rocket engine by explosive forming is constructed on the base of the criticality analysis. This estimation is presented in an integral form and consists of criticality indicators combined into a special set, each of which characterizes the degree of fulfillment of a certain technical requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheet metal stamping is widely used in the automotive sector, where the thickness of the blanks is critical to reduce the final weight of the manufactured part. Nevertheless, in specific locations, reinforcements are required for achieving the desired properties. In view of this necessity, laser welding is proposed to reinforce blanks prior to the stamping operation, which enables to increase the mechanical resistance of the stamped part in the required areas without penalizing the total weight. HCT780C (also called DP780) is the material employed in the present study and T-joints are analyzed. The welding process is monitored by means of a coaxial camera and a two-colour pyrometer. In parallel, the cross-sections of the welds are analyzed to evaluate any internal defect or lack of fusion and shear tests are performed to ensure the correct functioning of the weld. The combination of both results provides the opportunity for developing a digital certification of the welding process, which will enable the verification of future welds without the need for experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early 1890s, Jules Lévy organised a series of artistic exhibitions under the title of Les Arts Incohérents. Affiliated with Montmartre cabaret culture, the events lampooned the conventions of the Parisian salons and the conventions and institutions of the fine arts. This article explores the importance of the figure of the blank in a selection of art exhibited by the Incohérents. Adopting a word-and-image-based approach, and drawing on theories of comedy and laughter, the article shows how the Incéohérents' incipient avant-gardism interrogates the limits of the different arts and points to a novel inflection of humour in the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electoral systems vary in terms of the choice and influence they offer voters. Beyond selecting between parties, preferential systems allow for choices within parties. More proportional systems make it likely that influence over who determines the assembly's majority will be distributed across relatively more voters. In response to systems that limit choice and influence, we hypothesize that voters will cast more blank, null, or spoiled ballots on purpose. We use a regression discontinuity opportunity in French municipal elections to test this hypothesis. An exogenously chosen and arbitrary cutpoint is used to determine the electoral rules municipalities use to select their assemblies. We find support for our reasoning—systems that do not allow intraparty preference votes and that lead to disproportional outcomes provoke vote spoilage. Rates of vote spoilage are frequently sufficient to change control over the assembly if those votes had instead been cast validly for the second-place party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comics are closely related to literature and the visual arts. However they are an independent art form. The aim of this article is to use selected examples to show how visual storytelling functions and especially what reception requirements they afford. At the same time the content of the selected comics opens up a perspective on the visual arts, its significance, its development, its possibilities of effect and meaning. Teaching methods accompany the reviewed comics and offer suggestions for practical follow-up activities – from elementary to secondary school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the influence law was analyzed, the effective parameter range was determined. Based on the significance analysis of the orthogonal experiment with three factors and three levels, the order of the influence degree of each parameter on the forming quality of the end is obtained. According to the optimized simulation analysis in the effective scheme, the optimal forming process parameters were determined. The results show that the order of the influence of various factors on the diameter of the roll cut is as follows: roll cutting speed> friction factor> baffle gap; the best combination of process parameters is A2B1C1, the friction factor is 0,5, the roll cutting speed is 1/rad · s–1 and the baffle gap is 0,1/mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note describes improvements of UV oxidation method that is used to measure carbon isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). The procedural blank is reduced to 2.6 ± 0.6 μg C, with Fm of 0.42 ± 0.10 and δ13C of –28.43 ± 1.19‰. The throughput is improved from one sample per day to two samples per day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic requirements for cast blanks and details of agricultural machinery are considered. The prospects of using the method of centrifugal casting in the production of workpieces for the repair and maintenance of agricultural machinery in Belarus are shown. On the basis of the analysis of a number of details of the agricultural machines having the sufficient program of production the choice of the equipment for centrifugal casting of JSC BELNIILIT’s design was selected.

Combined with the engineering design experience of domestic large-scale oil refining and chemical engineering projects in recent years, the methods used in the design of large diameter carbon steel pipeline for flare system are introduced. Calculate the wall thickness and check the stiifness conditions of the pipe in combination with SH/T 3059-2012 or ASME b31. 3-2020; large diameter steel pipes are recommended to be welded with normalized steel plates and supplied after overall stress relief heat treatment; the connection between the main pipe and the branch pipe generally adopts the combination of local opening reinforcement (the outer diameter of the branch pipe is less than half of the main pipe) and tee pipe fittings (the outer diameter of the branch pipe is greater than or equal to half of the main pipe) ; the tee is recommended to adopt the hot extrusion flanging hot forming butt welding process, and 100% radiographic inspection shall be conducted for the weld, and plug welding connection is not suitable; the flange design shall be matched with the equipment and valve; the large diameter blind plate is designed by GB 50316-2000 (2008) or ASME B31.3-2020, and the split structure is recommended; large diameter non-standard valves should be selected according to the standard of conventional size valves for manufacturing, nondestructive testing and testing, but attention should be paid to valve end flange matching with pipe or equipment ends. The limitations of the current codes are summarized, and it is pointed out that attention should be paid attention to the material design, flexibility analysis and pressure test of large diameter pipeline under wet hydrogen sulfide condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the 'youthification' of television through real-time storytelling. It draws on a study of the online youth drama blank (2018–2019), NRK's first follow-up after the hit show SKAM (2015–2017). It finds that real-time drama brings unique opportunities to broadcasters aiming to reconnect with younger audiences, but also substantial challenges. This insight is essential, as previous studies have highlighted the format's advantages while downplaying its problems and dilemmas. Furthermore, the article emphasises the continuous need for innovation in youth storytelling, especially at public service broadcasters with the mandate and ability to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastewaters may contain toxic or highly inhibitive compounds, which makes the measurement of biological oxygen demand (BOD) challenging. Due to the high concentration of organic compounds within them, industrial wastewater samples must be diluted to perform BOD measurements. This study focused on determining the reliability of wastewater BOD measurement using two different types of industrial wastewater, namely pharmaceutical wastewater containing a total organic carbon (TOC) value of 34,000 mg(C)/L and industrial paper manufacturing wastewater containing a corresponding TOC value of 30 mg(C)/L. Both manometric respirometry and the closed-bottle method were used in the study, and the results were compared. It was found that the dilution wastewaters containing inhibitive compounds affected BOD values, which increased due to the decreased inhibiting effect of wastewater pollutants. Therefore, the correct BOD for effluents should be measured from undiluted samples, while the diluted value is appropriate for determining the maximum value for biodegradable organic material in the effluent. The accuracy of the results from the blank samples was also examined, and it was found that the readings of these were different to those from the samples. Therefore, the blank value that must be subtracted may differ depending on the sample.

This study describes a procedural blank assessment of the ultraviolet photochemical oxidation (UV oxidation) method that is used to measure carbon isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). A retrospective compilation of Fm and δ13C results for secondary standards (OX-II, glycine) between 2009 and 2018 indicated that a revised blank correction was required to bring results in line with accepted values. The application of a best-fit mass-balance correction yielded a procedural blank of 22.0 ± 6.0 µg C with Fm of 0.30 ± 0.20 and δ13C of –32.0 ± 3.0‰ for this period, which was notably higher and more variable than previously reported. Changes to the procedure, specifically elimination of higher organic carbon reagents and improved sample and reactor handling, reduced the blank to 11.0 ± 2.75 µg C, with Fm of 0.14 ± 0.10 and δ13C of –31.0 ± 5.5‰. A thorough determination of the entire sample processing blank is required to ensure accurate isotopic compositions of seawater DOC using the UV oxidation method. Additional efforts are needed to further reduce the procedural blank so that smaller DOC samples can be analyzed, and to increase sample throughput. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authentic biomarker standards were obtained from algal cultures in an attempt to accurately determine blank C added during sample processing for compound-specific radiocarbon analysis. Emiliania huxleyi and Thalassiosira pseudonana were grown under manipulated Δ14C dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) levels and chlorophyll a and either alkenones (E. huxleyi) or low molecular weight (LMW) alkanoic acids (T. pseudonana) were isolated from the respective biomass using preparative liquid chromatography (LC), wet chemical techniques or preparative gas chromatography, respectively. DI14C in the seawater medium was determined pre- and post-growth. Biomarker Δ14C values mostly agree within 1σ or 2σ analytical uncertainties. In those cases where biomarker Δ14C values differ significantly, chlorophyll a is up to 104‰ more 14C-depleted than alkenones or LMW alkanoic acids, consistent with a larger LC blank compared to the other purification methods. However, in the majority of experimental setups pre- and post-growth DIC Δ14C values seem to be compromised by an unknown and variable blank C contribution. DIC Δ14C values deviate strongly from the anticipated Δ14C values (by up to ca. 560‰), pre- and post-growth Δ14C values differ significantly (by up to ca. 460‰), and changes are not unidirectional. Accordingly, since the substrate Δ14C value cannot unequivocally be constrained, blank C contributions for the different biomarker purification methods cannot be accurately calculated. This study illustrates the challenges and problems of producing authentic standards that are not readily commercially available and exemplifies how a laborious and time-consuming culturing approach may enter a vicious cycle of blank C contamination hampering accurate blank C determination.

The paper discusses an engineering procedure, which enables the automation of the process of calculating furnace heating and thermostatic control parameters of hot-charged steel slab blanks under the rational heat treatment conditions. During hot charging, the blanks coming out of a continuous casting machine at an average temperature of about 1,000°С are placed inside the heating furnaces in the hot condition, which results in a considerable decrease of their heating time, incremental reduction of specific fuel consumption, and lowering of the metal oxidation level. The procedure allows calculating the required duration of heating of the slabs loaded into the furnace in the hot condition with a sufficient degree of simplicity and accuracy and without the use of nomograms. It also allows determining the required duration of thermostatic exposure (i.e., soaking of heated slabs under adiabatic conditions) to equalize the temperature profile over the slab cross-section. The provided relationships can be used to determine the heating duration for slabs with different thicknesses depending on the temperature at which they were charged into the furnace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production process of a triangle cup is very difficult method, due to the occurrence violent deformations at a narrow places of the forming region, as a result of non-uniform distribution of hoop compressive stresses and radial tensile stresses, so expected a lot of problems which accompany the forming. The most important is the surplus metal that composed at cup corners, because of the non-homogeneous flow of metals during entry into the die, so appear ears at the upper edge of the cup. To reduce that defect as little as possible, simulation model has been built by program (ANSYS 15) of deep drawing, and modify the blank from circular shape to triangular shape with a gradient corner radii (20, 28, and 35)mm. It was placed at opposite place to the draw tool form. The effect of the blank form on the required drawn force, distribution of thickness and strains that associated with the forming process were also studied. To make comparison between the experimental results and the results of simulation, it was manufacturing drawing tool with the same specifications of the simulation model. The practical and simulation results showed that the low radii corners of triangular blank lead to failure of deep drawing, especially at radii corners (20 and 28)mm. While the best shape of the cup by used blank with corner radius 35mm, that required less force of drawing, and better distribution of the metal thickness and the strains

The preparatory drafts for the first edition of L'ippopotamo (Einaudi 1989) are kept at the Centro Manoscritti of Pavia and record a crucial strategy within Luciano Erba's poetic system: the removal of toponyms and names. Vividly described objects, specific place names and family members are openly named in sketches and outlines, to be finally erased in the printed edition. Basically, L'ippopotamo aims at depersonalization in order to visualize as an onomastic blank the loss of solid and tangible objects, the unbridgeable distance from actual places met with in the past, and the absence of loved ones. After a philological screening of different case-studies, the paper focuses on the reason for such a process. Erba's strategy conveys in his verse the image of a weakened subjectivity, metaphorically placed on the defensive, in order to withstand the distress provoked by a certain sense of emptiness and fear of absence itself. Hence the persona opts not to engage with the idea of loss and chooses to leave a blank space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: Este artículo gira en torno al tratamiento de dos procesos singulares de confi guración identitaria, encarnados por la autora belga Claire Lejeune y el personaje de ficción Marlow (Heart of Darkness, de Joseph Conrad). La ansiedad ante la falta de referentes, la necesidad de forjarse un perfil público que legitime el discurso personal y las estrategias concebidas hermanan a ambos. Violentado o moldeado por la fuerza fálica o poética, el terreno yermo del continente inexplorado y de la hoja del cuaderno se ofrecen - respectivamente- al agente colonial y a la filósofa feminista. Creación ex nihilo aplicada a literatura y colonización. Palabras clave: Creatividad, blanco, colonizar, ansiedad, identidad. Title in English: Rewriting the emptiness: colonialism and feminism on the conquest of the blank space.The case of Joseph Conrad and Claire Lejeune Abstract: This article aims to reflect the treatment of identity process in both the Belgian writer Claire Lejeune and the fictional character of Marlow (in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness). They share the anxiety of the lack of references, as well as the neccesity of being made a public profile which supports their personal speech. Molded by the poetical or phallical strength, the blank page and the unexplored continent seduce both the feminist philosopher and the colonial agent. Ex nihil creation applied to literature and colonization. Keywords: Creativity, blank, colonize, anxiety, identity.

Continuous vertical casting combined with simultaneous deformation is considered. The operation principle of the relevant facility is described. The data on design and operation of the facility are presented, and the experimental results obtained for ingots made of D1 and D16 alloys are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the process of forming a flat blank is investigated, which allows the thickness variation along the part wall generatrix to be minimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of a poetics of silence has acquired a central place in literary theory in recent decades, with unreliable narration as defined by Booth (1961) playing an important part in the conceptualisation of an aesthetics of silence. Both silence and unreliable narration are key components of Kazuo Ishiguro’s writing strategy. I want to show that the poetics of silence that is so constitutive of his style was already at work at the very beginning of his writing. In order to achieve this goal, this paper studies one of Ishiguro’s first published short stories, “A Strange and Sometimes Sadness” (1981), in which a first-person narrator evokes memories of her time in Nagasaki during World War II. The narrator progressively turns out to be an unreliable one, due to the unspeakability of her traumatic experience. Her reluctance to report certain facts and to express some of her feelings is emphasised by the overabundance of details provided on safer subjects. The implied reader is compelled to try and fill the text’s blanks, which themselves shed light on the gap between narrator and implied author. This short story prefigures very clearly Ishiguro’s later novels, and deals with themes dear to him: memory, family, trauma and guilt, the atomic bomb as an absent centre. It also presents a very clear picture of the genesis of his writing style, centred around a poetics of silence, both at the diegetic and narratorial levels.